Khulfa-e-Rashideen
Introduction
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Khulfa-e-Rashideen |
In the history of Islam, after the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Khulfa-e-Rashideen are legendary figures of knowledge, wisdom, justice, and spirituality.
After the death of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), these four outstanding people—Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib—served as caliphs. Their ruling periods marked a golden era in Islam.
There are four Khulfa-e Rashideen who ruled the Islamic world for about 29 years.
1. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr
Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) was the first Caliph in Islamic history; his full name is Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq ‘Abdallāh bin Abī Quḥāfah.
He was not only a close friend of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) but also his father-in-law.
He was the first person to accept Islam and take an oath from the prophet Muhammad.
During his Caliphate, Abu Bakr ensured the compilation of the Holy Quran into a single book, preserved the teachings of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and led military campaigns against insurgent groups.
His rule created the framework for Islam's expansion outside of the region of Arabia.
Early life
Sayyiduna Abu Bakr's given name was Abdullah, and he went by the moniker "As Siddique," or "Testifier to the Truth." Salma was known as Ummul Khair, while his mother, 'Uthman, was known as Abu Quhafah. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was two and a half years older than him.
He was the first Sahaba to convert to Islam. He traveled to Madinatul Munawwarah with Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) during the Hijrah. Sayyiduna Bilal (radi Allahu anhu) and Sayyiduna Umayyah bin Qahaf (radi Allahu anhu) were two of the slaves Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) released. He took part in each and every conflict the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had with the Kuffar.
When asked by the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), "What have you left for your family?" during the Battle of Tabuk, he said, "Allah and His Rasool (peace be upon him)."
As A Calipha
Abu Bakr addressed the Muslims after being crowned Caliph with these words: "O people! Despite the fact that I am not superior to any of you, I have been picked by you to be your leader. Set me straight if I've erred in any way. Truth is honesty, and lying is dishonesty, remember! As long as I don't give the weak among you what they deserve, they are powerful in my sight. As long as I do not deny others what is theirs, the strong among you are weak in my view.
"Pay close attention; if people stop working for the cause of the All-Powerful Allah, He will bring shame upon them. Almighty Allah will send disasters their way if people start acting evilly.
As long as I follow Allah and His Prophet (peace be upon him), obey me. You are free to disobey me if I disobey Allah and His Prophet (peace be upon him).
If we had more world leaders like Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu), the world would be a better place to live.
Even though he had to deal with all the internal issues of the Islamic State, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) sent Sayyiduna Usamah (radi Allahu anhu) on a mission to Syria to battle the Romans.
Some new Muslims refused to pay the Zakaah after hearing that the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had died because they believed that the Islamic State would fall. Up until that point, these new Muslims were unable to adjust to their faith's standards. By Allah! said Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu). A man is required to provide everything, not just one thread. I shall declare war on him if he rejects
The Compilation of the Quran
The Quran's compilation is one of Abu Bakr's most important accomplishments. He assigned the companion Zayd ibn Thabit to compile the dispersed verses of the Quran into a single, cohesive book in order to preserve Allah's message for future generations. The groundwork for the complete preservation of the Quran was set by this early endeavor.
The legacy and Influence
The legacy of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) goes well beyond his political successes. His kindness, faith, and humility left a lasting impression on the Islamic way of life. He was a model of commitment and sacrifice, winning the respect of the whole Muslim community. In the words of his daughter Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), "He was the most truthful of people and the most merciful, the kindest of them in nature, and the noblest of them in the family."
pass Away
At this time, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) became unwell and passed away on August 22, 634, which is the 21st of Jamadi-ul-Aakhir 13 A.H. He ruled for two years and three months. Age-wise, he was 63.
The gathering and composition of the Holy Quran was one of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr's (radi Allahu anhu) numerous contributions.
Personal Life
He led a very basic lifestyle. He was a devout disciple of the prophet Muhammad and a loyal servant of the Almighty Allah.
He ate extremely basic meals and wore common clothes. He took care of household duties before going out at night to find the needy and disadvantaged. The defining traits of his character were modesty and humility. When people praised him or treated him with great regard, he felt ashamed. He frequently observed a daytime fast and spent the entire night in prayer and meditation. He was an expert in genealogy—the study of tracing a person's ancestral tree. He lived a saintly life personally. He promoted the interests of Islam and the welfare of people with the full force of his authority.
Click the link below to read: Hazrat Muhammad peace be upon him
2. Umar ibn al-Khattab
After the death of Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Al-Khatab became the second caliph.
He was famous for his leadership qualities and administrative skills.
Under his leadership, the Islamic state expanded rapidly and consisted of a sizable portion of Persia and the Byzantine Empire.
Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khatab introduced several social welfare programs to ensure the fair distribution of resources and implemented Islamic laws with remarkable fairness. His legacy as a ruler and a visionary leader remains an inspiration for leaders throughout the world.
Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) conquered 22,00,000 square miles area without any trained army over 10 Years, including Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, and parts of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Makran (Balochistan)
Early Life and Conversion to Islam
In 584 CE, Umar ibn al-Khattab was born in Mecca. When he converted to Islam in 616 CE, his life underwent a dramatic change after beginning as an emotional opponent of the religion. His conversion not only enlarged the early Muslim community but also signaled the start of his incredible journey as a devoted and crucial follower of the Prophet Muhammad.
AS A CALIPH
Hazrat Umar Farooq (Radi Allahu Anhu) was a courageous and honest individual. He was serious and unyielding in his adherence to Islamic beliefs. He was a wise and gifted leader. Large portions of the Roman and Persian empires, as well as all of Egypt, came under Islamic sovereignty during the Khilaafat. He was also a natural speaker. He was deeply worried about the treatment of Muslims. He left Muslims who came after him a legacy of honor. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) gave him the Holy Quran to keep it safe.
APPOINTS NEW COMMANDER
Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu Anu) has a reputation for strict rule enforcement. He noted the immense popularity of Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He thought that people would abandon Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) and turn entirely to the All-Mighty Allah. He replaced Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) as Commander in Chief of the Muslim army with Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (radi Allahu anhu) out of concern that the populace might hold him in too high a regard, possibly boosting Hazrat Khalid's (radi Allahu anhu) confidence and encouraging pride.
Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) cheerfully followed Sayyiduna Umar's (radi Allahu anhu) directions and subsequently performed the duties of a regular soldier. This is an illustration of the Islamic teachings on submission to authority!
DEFEAT OF THE PERSIANS
When Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) went to Yarmuk, Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was still in charge of the Muslim soldiers on the Iraqi front. Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) went directly to Madinatul Munawwara to seek Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for reinforcements because he was having trouble fighting off the enemy. At that point, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu Anhu) had already died.
The situation in Iraq deteriorated while Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was absent from the front. Under Rustam's leadership, the Iranians came together once more and reclaimed the territory that the Muslims had taken. One column of Rustam's army was dispatched to Hirah, and the other was sent to Kaskar.
As commander, Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) dispatched Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (radi Allahu anhu) to handle the matter. Both Persian columns suffered losses. Rustam overcame the Muslims by sending an even greater force.
In order to defeat the Persians, Hazrat Umar (radi Allahu Anhu) hired a second army. Hazrat Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was compelled to retire when the Persian court dispatched a second, stronger army. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was informed of the new circumstances, and Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas (radi Allahu anhu) ordered the dispatch of soldiers.
At Qadisiyah, the Persian and Muslim armies collided. In the year 14 A.H. (636 C.E.), the outnumbered Muslim army overcame the 120,000 Persian soldiers after a protracted battle on numerous fronts and reclaimed Hirah and the surrounding area.
DEFEAT OF THE ROMANS
During Sayyiduna Abu Bakr's (radi Allahu anhu) reign as Caliph, Muslims besieged Damascus. It persisted after his death and lasted 70 days during Sayyiduna Umar's (radi Allahu anhu) authority. Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) unexpectedly entered the city following the protracted siege, shocking the Romans. The governor gave up, and a peace agreement was ratified.
THE CAPTURE OF JERUSALEM
Jerusalem was under attack by Hazrat Amr ibn al-As al-Sahmi (radi Allahu anhu). Along with other Sahaba, Sayyiduna Khalid, Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah, and others joined him. Christians opted to quit because they had little hope. They also suggested that Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) get the keys to Jerusalem personally. Hazrat Umar traveled to Jerusalem (radi Allahu anhu). The security of the city and the protection of the Christians were ensured by a formal agreement.
ASSASSINATION
Firoz, also known as "Abu Lulu," was a Persian non-Muslim who complained to Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) about Hazrat Mughirah bin Shuba (radi Allahu anhu), who imposed taxes on him. The tax was fair, Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) informed Firoz. Firoz became upset about this.
He attacked Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) six times in the back during the Fajr Salaah, seriously injuring the Caliph. Three days later, in the year 23 A.H., Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) passed away. Age-wise, he was 63. For 10 years, 6 months, and 4 days, he was the leader of the Islamic State.
Administrative Reforms
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) gained widespread recognition for his remarkable accomplishments and Islamic reforms in under ten years. Some of these changes included:
1. He created the "Baitul Maal" (people's treasury for the nation and the people).
2. Justice courts were established throughout the nation. All cases were heard by judges and magistrates.
3. The establishment of an army headquarters for national defense.
4. Building of canals and highways
5. Schools were constructed. Imams, Mu'azzins, and Ustaads received organized salaries.
6. Masjids in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwarah were upgraded and constructed. Facilities for the Haajis were also included.
7. Prisons and police stations were constructed.
8. The first Islamic lunar calendar was established, starting with the Hijrah.
9. The use of accurate weights and measurements
10. A population count is conducted.
11. Construct welfare homes and orphanages.
12. made adequate for punishments and banned slavery.
Social Life and Enduring Influence
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was characterized by simplicity and dedication. He used to host governors, convoys, and diplomats while wearing clothing covered in several patches. He only received the state's allotment necessary for a basic supper and some plain clothing. He was really destitute at times. He used to take care of their housework as well as pay visits to the elderly and sick. He liked to go to the troops' homes and ask about their family. He frequently observed fasts and stayed up late performing Salaah. With his knowledge, vigor, dynamism, bravery, and modest income, he consistently supported and promoted the cause of Islam.
Click the link below to read: what is this Life
https://www.educationandhistory.com/2023/09/what-is-this-life.html
3. Uthman ibn Affan
Uthman ibn Affan was Prophet Muhammad’s second cousin as well as his son-in-law and third caliph.
He was famous for his huge wealth, which he used for the welfare of the Muslim community.
He funded huge amounts of money on various constructed projects, including mosques, wells, and multiple copies of the Quran to spread all over the world.
Modern people should learn from the life of Uthman ibn Affan, who was wealthy but lived the simplest life and served as an example of humanity and selflessness.
ELECTION
Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu) appointed a six-person committee to choose his successor from among themselves before he passed away. They chose Hazrat 'Uthman bin Affan (radi Allahu anhu) to be the third Caliph of Islam after protracted deliberations and consultations.
Uthman ibn Affan was the third caliph of Islam and ruled from 644–656
Early Life
Sayyiduna 'Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) was a member of the Quraish Ummayah tribe. He was an extremely successful cloth dealer. He was referred to as "Al Ghani" or "The Generous." His mother was Urwa, and his father was Affan.
He traveled to Abyssinia with his wife, Sayyadah Ruqayyah (radi Allahu anha), who was also a Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) descendant, after accepting Islam at Hazrat Abu Bakr's (radi Allahu anhu) request.
He got married to Sayyadah Umme Kulthum (radi Allahu anha), another daughter of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) after Sayyadah Ruqayyah passed away. He was given the title "Zun Noorain," which means "Possessor of Two Lights.". With the exception of the fight of Badr, he participated in every fight alongside the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Conquests
The uprising in Azerbaijan and Armenia was put down during Hazrat Uthman Ghani's (radi Allahu anhu) Khilaafat.
By using a naval assault, Hazrat Abi Sarah (radi Allahu anhu) took control of Greece and established an Islamic government there. Large portions of North Africa, including Tripoli, Tunisia, and Morocco, came under Islamic dominion as well.
The Romans, who had already been defeated by the Muslims on numerous occasions, made one more attempt to retake the territory they had already lost under Hazrat Uthman Ghani's (radi Allahu anhu) Khilaafat. Rome's Emperor Constantine made extensive preparations before attacking Alexandria with a naval fleet of between 5,000 and 6,000 ships. The Muslim naval troops, however, led by Hazrat Abi Sarah, conquered the Romans.
Rebellion
Hazrat Umar Farooq's (radi Allahu anhu) provincial governors were forced out and replaced by family members of the new Caliph. Most of the new governors were motivated by materialistic goals as opposed to the loyalty and interests of their subjects. People began to call for these governors to be removed, but the Caliph ignored their requests. Representatives, mostly from Egypt and Iraq, presented the Caliph with their demands. However, everything went out of control.
Death of Hazrat Uthman Ghani
Hazrat Uthman Ghani (radi Allahu anhu) was made Shaheed by rebels when he was reading the Holy Quran in his home. This occurred on Friday, Zil Hajj 17, in the year 35 A.H. Age-wise, he was 84.
Nature of Hazrat Uthman Ghani
Hazrat Uthman Ghani (radi Allah anhu) was a very straightforward and compassionate individual. He was unable to take decisive action against the criminals due to his humanitarianism and simplicity. His administration lacked the discipline of Hazrat Umar Farooq's (radi Allahu anhu) Khilaafat due to his simple-mindedness.
Hazrat Uthman Ghani (radi Allahu anhu) was a kindhearted person. He used to invest a lot of cash in Islam and the liberation of slaves. He was a noble and pious guy who put Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and Almighty Allah above all else. Despite being extremely wealthy, he led a very simple life. He didn't live a life of luxury. He was always aware of death. Most of the evening was spent in Salaah. Every second or third day, he keeps fasting.
The Compilation of the Quran
The Holy Quran was copied from the records kept by Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (radi Allahu anhu), who gave it to Hazrat Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anhu), who gave it to his daughter, Hazrat Hafsa (radi Allahu anha), the wife of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This was one of Hazrat Uthman Ghani's (radi Allahu anhu) greatest accomplishments.
Hazrat Uthman Ghani (radi Allahu anhu) copied the Holy Quran from the original and sent copies to significant places like Kufa, Damascus, Makkah, and Basrah, each accompanied by a Sahabi for the guidance of the readers.
Click the link below to read: Hazrat Ali
4. Ali ibn Abi Talib
Ali ibn Abi Talib, also known as Asadullah, means the lion of Allah.
The title was given by the holy Prophet (peace be upon him) for his bravery and commitment to justice.
He was the cousin as well as son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
He was extremely important in upholding and comprehending Islamic values.
Muslims made notable advancements in the areas of law, theology, and ethics during the time of Hazrat Ali.
Hazrat Ali ruled as the fourth caliph of Islam from 656 to 661 CE
Acceptance of Islam
Hazrat Ali was the first male Muslim to accept Isalm at the age of 10. He was brave and committed, which is why he got the title "Lion of God" from Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). His bravery in battles and emotions toward Islam became legendary among the early Muslims.
Elections
The Muslims chose Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) after the death of Hazrat Uthman Ghani (radi Allahu anhu) as the fourth Caliph. The capital of the Muslim world remained Madinatul Munawwarah throughout the rule of the first three Caliphs, and then Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajhu) moved it to Kufah in Iraq.
Early Life
Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) was the nephew of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), whose father was Abu Taalib. Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) was married to the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Hazrat Bibi Fathima (radi Allahu anha). Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat Hussain, and Hazrat Mohsin (radi Allahu anhu) were their three sons.
When the battles of Badr, Khandaq, and Khaibar took place, Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) participated. Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) was the one who brutally attacked the Jews in Khaibar in order to conquer them. In addition, he served Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the previous three Caliphs in a number of significant capacities.
He loved to learn, and he was a wonderful, wise individual. Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) had given him the title "Baabul I'lm," or "Gate of Learning." Additionally, he was known as "Asaadullah," or "Lion of Allah."
Opposition
After Hazrat Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) was martyred, the situation in Madinatul Munawwarah was critical. The first responsibility of Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) was to clear Madina-tul Munawwarah of the rebels and restore order.
By compelling the rebels to leave Madina-tul Munawwarah, Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) was able to impose peace and order on the city.
A guy with a strong sense of justice, Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu), did not want to accuse the wrong people. He required a quiet moment to find the criminals.
Battle of the Camel
The Battle of the Camel, also known as the Battle of Jamel or the Battle of Basra.
There was yet another significant development. Hazrat Talha and Hazrat Zubair, two prominent Sahaba, as well as Hazrat Aishah (radi Allahu anha), stated their opposition to Hazrat Ali's (Karam Allah Wajahu) Khilaafat. After departing from Madinatul Munawwarah for Makkatul Mukarramah, they traveled to Basrah to gather men and new collaborators.
To eliminate all opposition, Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajhu) had to take action. On December 9th, 656 A.C., a deadly fight took place close to Basrah. A third force, who were the true hypocrites, started this conflict. Both sides had already agreed to resolve the conflict before the battle. But this third group, the actual murderer of Hazrat Uthman Ghani (radi Allahu anhu), launched an overnight attack on both camps simultaneously. Each side was under the impression that the other had attacked. The battle began. Several thousand men were lost, including the two Sahaba. Hazrat Aishah (radi Allahu Anha) was safe. She was riding a camel during the battle—hence the name “Battle of the Camel.” Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) treated her in a most noble and dignified manner and respectfully sent her back to Madinatul Munawwarah. She praised him and deeply regretted opposing Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu). The Islamic world's capital was now Kufa.
Assassination
Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) defeated the Khaarijees on July 17, 659 A.C., in a fight at Nahrawan that is said to have cost 40,000 lives.
A Khaariji extremist named Abdul Rahman bin Muljim set up a trap at the Masjid of Kufah early on January 24, 661 A.C., and attacked Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) as soon as he entered the masjid. The wound caused him to die. Age-wise, he was 63.
Personal Life
Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajahu) had a straightforward existence. He refused to eat any luxuries and dressed simply out of concern for the underprivileged. He used to lie down on the ground and perhaps sit down there. He performed manual labor and even handled his own clothing and shoe repairs. He should have fasted for three days straight and spent the nights in Salaah. His key character qualities included honesty, piety, fairness, and a love of the truth.
Conclusion
After the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Muslims are most inspired by Khulfa-e-Rashideen all around the world.
Justice, compassion, humility, and a dedication to God were demonstrated by them in their daily lives.
The leadership of Khulfa-e-Rashideen worked hard to establish a wealthy Islamic society.
we can also achieve peace in our religion If we read history and apply ourselves.
4 khulfa e rashideen name
1. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq 2. Umar ibn al-Khattab 3. Uthman ibn Affan 4. Ali ibn Abi Talib
Khulfa e rashideen history
1. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (632–634 CE) 2. Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-644 CE) 3. Uthman ibn Affan (644-656 CE) 4. Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661 CE)
how many Khulfa e Rashideen in Islam
There were four Khulfa-e-Rashideen in Islam.
What was the major achievement of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq?
The major achievement of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq was the compilation of the Quran into a single book.
The First Male Muslim
Hazrat Ali was the first male to embrace Islam at a very young age.
age of hazrat ali when he accepted islam
Hazrat Ali accepted Islam at the age of 10.