Agriculture questions
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| Agriculture questions |
What is allelopathy?
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon involving the release of certain chemicals from plant parts into the environment, which, when present in sufficient amounts, may inhibit or promote the germination or growth of the plants in the neighborhood.
What is agriculture?
Food, feed, fiber, and shelter are the four basic needs of life, and agriculture is the art, science, and business of growing crops and raising animals using natural resources (water, soil, air, etc.). Agriculture also involves the coordination of socioeconomic infrastructure.
what is alluvial soil?
these are the soils that are formed by the deposition of broken material of rocks transported and deposited by the water of streams and rivers.
What is agronomy?
A branch of agricultural science that deals with principles and practices of field crop production and management of soil for higher productivity.
What is agar?
A substance made from seaweed and used in the solid culture.
What is arable farming?
Arable farming refers to a system in which only crops that require cultivation of soil are grown.
What is arboriculture?
Intensive cultivation of individual trees possibly for fruits, gums, and resins.
What is aridity?
It is characteristic of a region where the average rainfall is low.
What is available water?
Available water is the amount of water retained in the soil that represents the gap between the field's carrying capacity and the rate of permanent wilting.
What is autotroph?
Organisms are able to manufacture their own food from inorganic materials using energy from outside sources, most green plants are completely autotrophs.
What is the base period?
the number of days between the crop's first watering before planting and its last irrigation before harvest.
What is Biological yield?
It is the total amount of dry matter a plant produces after photosynthesis and nutrient intake less the amount lost during respiration.
What is Blind hoeing?
Hoeing before a crop germination, is usually done in sugarcane.
What is Botanical variety?
Botanical variation refers to a collection of plants that are found in nature but differ from the general species first identified and for which the botanical binomial name is insufficient.
What is a C3 plant?
Plants that fix carbon dioxide into three-carbon molecules do not use temperature and water as efficiently as C4 plants. E.g. wheat, barley, cotton, tomato, potato, tobacco, soybean, etc
What is a C4 plant?
Plants fix carbon dioxide into four carbon molecules. E.g. sugarcane, maize, sorghum.
What is capillary water?
It is the surplus of soil water above hygroscopic water. Due to surface tension or molecular attraction working against gravity forces, this is present in the soil's pore space. It is the only water that is available for plant development and growth.
What is catchment area?
The area which drains the rainwater falls on it via streams and rivers, eventually to the sea or into a lake.
What is climate?
An aggregate of atmospheric conditions over a long period of time is called climate.
What is colluvial soil?
Those soils which are formed from material transported by the forces of gravity.
What is a companion crop?
The two crops growing together to increase nutritional value are called companion crops. E.g. berseem and barley.
What is compost?
A manure derived from decomposed plant remains is usually made by fermentation of waste plant material under controlled conditions. Composed usually used in greenhouses to enrich the soil.
What is contact herbicide?
while used to suppress annual weeds while they are seedlings, the herbicide that only kills the sections of plants with which it comes into touch has little lasting effect.
What is a cover crop?
crops that are sown on the ground to cover it, prevent soil erosion, and stop the leaching of nutrients. such as rhy and grasses.
What is a CAM plant?
CAM (crassulation acid metabolism) plants fix carbon dioxide in four carbonic acids as do the C4 plants. Eg. pine apple
What is crop rotation?
Crop rotation is a method of growing crops on a plot of land in such an order or succession as to minimize damage to the fertility of the soil and maintain farmer profit.
What is crop water requirement?
The amount of water required to raise a crop to maturity within a given period of time.
What is the delta of water?
The depth of irrigation water required for the full crop period from sowing to harvesting.
What is monocot and dicot?
The plant embryo of a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaf is called a monocot while the plant embryo having two cotyledons and reticulate leaf venation is called a dicot.
What is drought resistance?
characteristics of plants that make them ideal for dry climate agriculture, despite any innate resistance mechanisms.
What is the duty of water?
The relationship between irrigation water flow and its commanded area where crops mature fully with that amount of water within a base period is called the duty of water.
What is eolian soil?
Eolian soil is made up of particles that are carried by the wind from one location to another.
What is evapotranspiration?
It is the total loss of water due to its evaporation from land, plant, and water surfaces and transpiration by vegetation per unit area per unit time.
What is a forage crop?
Those crops that are grazed by animals and harvested for green chop, hay, and silage are classified as forage crops. E.g. maize, sorghum.
What is germination?
The process of germination is the emergence and growth of those vital structures from the seed embryo that, depending on the type of seed offered, show the capacity to grow a typical plant under favored circumstances.
What is gravitational water?
Gravitational water is the water that percolates through the soil under the influence of gravity in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water if conducive circumstances for water drainage are offered.
What is hygroscopic water?
Water that has formed loose chemical connections with soil particles does not move as a result of capillary or gravity action.
What is intercropping?
Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field, where one crop is planted initially (the main crop) in rows and is followed by the planting of another crop (the intercrop) between the rows. These crops stay together for a shorter period of time. The planting and harvesting of these crops may or may not occur simultaneously. Using sugarcane as an example, plant onions, garlic, etc.
What is the Kharif crop?
Kharif crops, such as rice and cotton, are those that are sown during the summer months of March through July and harvested throughout the autumn and winter.
What is lodging?
The bending or breaking over of a plant before harvesting.
What is monocropping?
Raising only one crop in a year when there is a seasonal supply of water is called monocropping, monoculture or specialized farming.
What is Muck soil?
If the quantity of organic matter is greater than 20% and less than 50% called muck soil.
What is multiple cropping?
Growing of two or more crops in a year from the same piece of land is called multiple cropping.
What is necrosis?
Death of organs of a plant, either as blight or death of tissues in a localized area, usually inside fruit and stems, or dieback or death of stems or branches.
What is zero tillage crop?
A crop grown without any tillage to prepare the seed bed or row is called a zero-tillage or no-tillage crop.
What is oleciculture?
Oleciculture is the name of the horticultural branch that deals with vegetable cultivation.
What is percolation?
Percolation is the downward movement of water within the soil profile.
What is the rabi crop?
These crops are sown from October through December in the winter and harvested from March through May in the summer. such as wheat and gram.
What is a relay crop?
A relay crop is one that is planted as a second crop after the first crop has reached its reproductive stage of growth but before it is ready for harvest. E.g. planting of sugarcane in sugar beet.
What is runoff?
When water flows out of the field by breaking the bunds of the field or flows to the sloppy areas from the high level is called runoff.
What is sandy soil?
The soil which contains 2.0 to 0.2 mm diameter soil particles, contains 85% sand, and >15% silt and clay. These soils are poor in plant material.
What is scarification?
Scarification refers to any physical or chemical process that makes the seed coat flexible.
What is seed certification?
The system of maintaining the genetic identity, physical purity, and quality attributes of high-quality seed and propagating materials of superior crop varieties, also known as seed certification or the system of maintaining the genetic purity and quality of seed, is done to ensure the desired standards are met.