Water resources and irrigation system in pakistan
In most areas of pakistan, the climate is dry. 80 percent of rain come in mid-summer. Agriculture in pakistan on the basis of rainwater is not successful because of the insufficient rain and high rain that causes a flood.
In Pakistan most areas are mountainous and water flows downward as a river to make a dam easily. Pakistan's main irrigation is dependent on Indus water, the Indus water treaty was signed in 1960 with the help of the world bank. According to the treaty, India got 3 eastern rivers and pakistan got Indus and its two tributary rivers, Jhelum and Chenab. Pakistan has the best irrigation system by developing dams and barrages on its rivers. Pakistan's main dams are the Tarbela Dam, mangla dam, and Wasik Dam, as many small other dams as well, and several new dams are going to be constructed. There are four main ways to irrigate in pakistan.
canals
The canal system is one the best system for irrigation and is almost present all over pakistan. Canals carry water from rivers, dams, and headworks downward to the field. There are three types of canals. Canals in which water flow throughout the year is called perennial canal. The canal in which water flows in the rainy season is called a seasonal canal, and a link canal is a canal that links one river with another river.
wells
Groundwater is obtained by digging a well. If there is an unavailability of canals or insufficient water, wells are the purpose of irrigation. A Wells irrigation system is better than a canal in the sense of controlling the water loss but more expensive.
Natural springs and karezes
Saturated water in the land is ground out is called natural springs and artificial springs are called karezes. Karez is one the oldest irrigation system in the world. In Balochistan, kareze is a century old. For digging karez, 1st of all dig many wells in a row with a certain distance foothill called mother well then connect these mother well with digging tunnel running through the wells. The springs from the mother wells meet and flow to the tunnel to reach the field then used for irrigation.
Hill torrents
